•       Daytime observation of the pond surface

–     adults have to breathe

•        Egg search

–    early in the season, when there is less aquatic material to target

•        Torching

–     Clear water ponds at night, for adults, egg folds and larvae

•        Netting

–     Damaging and unreliable; better in autumn for larvae

•        Bottle trapping

–     Evening set/morning collect; very dependable

•        Searching natural or artificial refuges

–     Logs, sheeting, loose soil or rubble

Survey uses

•       Presence/absence

–     4 visits, spread through the breeding season (mid-March to mid June), at least 2 between mid-April and mid-May

–    one visit may be all that’s needed to confirm presence

–    all four needed to demonstrate absence

•        Population size class assessment

–    6 visits, spread as before, at least 3 between mid-April and mid-May

–    peak count up to 10 = ‘small’

–    peak count 11 to 100 = ‘medium’

–    peak count more than 100 = ‘large’